发布日期: 2015-12-21 作者:史云峰 来源:AG真人_平台首页 1799
[关键词]新型城镇化;发展现状;内涵特征;西藏
[摘 要]推进新型城镇化是AG真人国全面建成小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化的必由之路,已经成为国家重要的发展战略和举措。作为边疆民族地区,西藏当前城镇化率仅为25.8%,低于全国平均水平近30个百分点、低于西部地区约20个百分点。西藏的城镇化存在着许多显著特点和特殊性,其表现为西藏在很大程度上还是传统的农牧社会,地广人稀,生态环境脆弱,城镇发育能力弱,城镇经济欠发达,拉动人口就业并向城镇聚集的能力非常有限。同时,城镇化、人口发展以及与资源、环境的协调发展等问题聚集叠加,对西藏城镇化工作提出了更加严峻的挑战。因此,西藏新型城镇化的内涵也具有自己的新意和特征,其发展路径体现在发展目标、动力机制、产业支撑、空间布局、发展核心、发展模式等各个方面。
dangdeshibadazhichu,yao“jianchizouzhongguotesedexinxingchengzhenhuadaolu”。2013nian12yue,zhonggongzhongyangzaibeijingzhaokaizhongyangchengzhenhuagongzuohuiyi,duixinshiqituijinchengzhenhuagongzuozuolejutibushu,bingzhidingle《guojiaxinxingchengzhenhuaguihua》。shibajiesanzhongquanhuidejuedingzhichu,yao“tuijinyirenweihexindechengzhenhua”,“wanshanchengzhenhuajiankangfazhantizhijizhi”。zuoweituijinxinxingchengzhenhuazuizhongyaodepeitaogaigecuoshi,guowuyuanyu2014nian7yueyinfa《guowuyuanguanyujinyibutuijinhujizhidugaigedeyijian》,yaoqiu“heliyindaonongyerenkouyouxuxiangchengzhenzhuanyi”,“cujinyounenglizaichengzhenwendingjiuyeheshenghuodechangzhurenkouyouxushixianshiminhua”。zhongzhongcuoshiyijingbiaoming,tuijinxinxingchengzhenhuashiweilaiyiduanshijianagzhenrenguoquanmianjianchengxiaokangshehui、jiakuaituijinshehuizhuyixiandaihuadebiyouzhilu,yijingchengweiguojiazhongyaodefazhanzhanlvehejucuo。duiyuxizangzheiyangdebianjiangminzudiqueryan,xinxingchengzhenhuagengshishixianrenkouyouxuzhuanyijiuye、shidumijishengchanyaosu、tuijinjibengonggongagzhenrenjundenghuahetongchouchengxiangfazhan、shixianjingjishehuifazhanhezhangzhijiuandezhongyaotujing。
yi、chengzhenhuayuxizangchengzhenhuadezongtifenxi
AG真人chengzhenhuashirenleishehuifazhandaoyidinglishijieduandechanwu。tebieshijinruxiandaishehuiyihou,chengzhenhuayugongyehuayiqi,chengweishijiefazhandezhuyaoguijihezhongyaodelishitezheng。dangqian,quanshijie50%yishangderenkoushenghuozaichengshi,erqiehaizaijixuzengzhang;fadaguojiahediqubirumeiguoheoumeng,80%yishangderenkoushenghuozaichengshi,yijingjibenwanchenglechengzhenhuajincheng。agzhenrenguochengzhenhuadejinchengshiconggaigekaifanghoukaishifalijiasude,1978niandao2014nian,zhongguodechengzhenhualvcong18%tigaodao54.77%,nianjunzengzhanglvdadao1%,chengshirenkoudadao7.5yiren。congshujushangkan,zhong
AG真人guochengzhenhuaagzhenrendechengguoshixirende,danshizhangqiyilai“gaosudu、zhongkuozhang、dizhiliang”decheng
AG真人zhenhuafazhanmoshidailailezhongduomaodunhewenti,birumangmukuozhang、ziyuanlangfei、huanjingpohuaidengdeng。yinci,zaiweilai20nianzuoyoudeshijian,zhongguodechengzhenhuajiangjinrudaoyitigaozhiliangweihexinheguanjiandekuaisufazhanshiqi。
AG真人zuoweibianjiangminzudiqu,xizangdiguangrenxi,shengtaihuanjingcuiruo,jingjishehuifazhanhaibijiaozhihou。congchengzhenhuazhengtishuipinglaikan,xizangchengzhenhuashuipingdi,zaiquanguochuyumowei。2014nianxizangchengzhenhualvjinwei25.8%,yuandiyuquanguo54.77%depingjunshuiping,bujinyudongbuyanhaifadashengquxiangjushenyuan,yuchengzhenhuashuipingjiaodidexibushengquxiangbiyecunzaijiaodachaju,juyuquanguomowei。congchengzhenhuafazhanjieduanlaikan,xizangchengzhenhuahaichuyuhuanmandeqibujieduan。biru,anagzhenrenguoxianxingdeyichengqufeinongyerenkouweibiaozhunlaihuafenchengshidengji,xizangdechengzhenjunweixiaochengzhen,chulechengzhenshuliangshao、guimoxiaowai,chengzhendejingjishiliruo、jichusheshiluohou、zhinengdanyi、neishengdonglidi、xiyinliyufushenengliyouxian,chengzhenfazhanmianlinzhezhuduokunjing,zheixiedouzheshechuxizangchengzhenfazhanluohoudetedian,xizangzaihendachengdushanghaishichuantongdenongmushehui,chengzhenfayunengliruo,chengzhenjingjiqianfada,ladongrenkoujiuyebingxiangchengzhenjujidenenglifeichangyouxian。congchengzhenhuafazhanshencengcilaikan,xizangchengzhenhuamianlingengjiayanjundetiaozhan。dangqian,xizangrenkouguimo、jiegou、suzhi、fenbudengyaosuzhijianyuchengzhenhuajinchengzhonggegeyaosudezuhe、juji、xietongheyouhuachengxianchuhudong、yilaishenzhigengjiafuzadejumian,chengzhenhua、renkoufazhanyijiyuziyuan、huanjingdexiediaofazhandengwentijujidiejia,duichengzhenhuagongzuotichulegengjiayanjundetiaozhan。
AG真人2014nian5yue,xizangzizhiqufazhanzixunweiyuanhuizaibeijingzhaokailexizangxinxingchengzhenhuaguihuazhuantizixunlunzhenghui,duixizangxinxingchengzhenhuajinxingkexuezixun、chongfenlunzhengheshenzhongjuece;7yue,zizhiqurenminzhengfuzhaokaichangwuhuiyi,tongguo《xizangzizhiquxinxingchengzhenhuaguihua(2014—2020)》;8yue,zizhiqudangweizhaokaichangweihuiyi,yanjiubushuquanquchengzhenhuagongzuo;2015nian1yue,zizhiqudangwei、zhengfuzhaokaiquanqutuijinxinxingchengzhenhuagongzuohuiyi,tichulizhengdao2020nianquanquchengzhenhuashuipingxianzhutigao,chengzhenkongjianbujumingxianyouhua,chengzhenchanyezhichengbuduanqianghua,chengzhenzhutigongnengjinyibuzengqiang,chengzhenfazhanmoshikexueheli,chengzhenhuatizhijizhiriquwanshan,shengtaihuanjinggengjialianghao。yinci,ruhejiehexizangshiji,quanmianzhunquediguancheluoshizhongyangjingshen,jianchizouyouzhongguotese、xizangtediandexinxingchengzhenhuadaolu,shidangqianjuyouxianshixinghejinpoxingdeyixiangzhongdaketi。
er、xizangchengzhenhuayugongyehuadeguanxihechengzhenhuatezheng
AG真人chengzhenhuayugongyehuashiyiduiluanshengxiongdi,chengzhenshigongyedezhuyaozaiti,gongyeshichengzhendezhuyaotuidongli。meiguochengshixuezhenuosemuduishijiegeguochengzhenhuajinxingyanjiu,zongjiechuchengzhenhuafazhanchengxiansxingquxian,jiangqifenweisangejieduan,chushijieduan、jiasujieduanhewendingjieduan,bingtichuchengzhenhuashuipingdadao30%hou,chengzhenhuajinchengjiangxunsujiakuai,zengjiadao70%houhuijiansu。chengzhenhuachushijieduanhejiasujieduandezhuyaodonglilaiyuanyugongye,houqizhuyaodonglizelaiziyuagzhenrenye。
(一)西藏城镇化与工业化发展的关系分析
AG真人 1.chengzhenhuayugongyehuadexiangguanxingbuqiang
yibanlaishuo,chengzhenhuayugongyehuamiqiexiangguan,bansuizhegongyedefazhan,chengzhenshuliangherenkouhuizhujianzengjia,chengzhenhuashuipingzhubutigao,chengzhendefazhanhefushekuosanzuoyong,youhuijinyibucujingongyedefazhan。yixiaduixizanggongyehuayuchengzhenhuadexiangguanxingjinxingfenxi,yi《xizangtongjinianjian》(2013)shujuweiyiju,yonggongyehualvzheiyizhibiaohenglianggongyehuashuiping,gongyehualvshizhigongyezengjiazhizhangdpdebizhong。
yigongyehualvweizibianliang,chengzhenhualvweiyinbianliang,huizhisandiantu,nihequshixian,dedaoxianxinghuiguifangcheng: y=1.6809x+8.5892。zhidezhuyideshi,erzhexiangguanxishujinwei0.485344,shuomingchengzhenhualvyugongyehualvdexiangguanxinghenruo,fanyingchuxizanggongyedefazhanduinongcunrenkoudexinazhuanyinenglijiaoruo,congerduichengzhenhuadeladongzuoyongbuqiang,zheiyuxizangdierchanyedegouchengyouguan,yeyunongcunlaodonglizishendelaodongjinengshuipingyouguan。(jiantu1,biao1)
图1. 城镇化率与工业化率线性关系图
数据来源:AG真人_平台首页
表1.城镇化率与工业化率回归分析结果
huiguitongji
multiple r |
r square |
adjusted r square |
biaozhunwucha |
guancezhi |
0.485344 |
0.235559 |
0.159114 |
1.033844 |
12 |
fangchafenxi
|
df |
ss |
ms |
f |
AG真人significance f |
huiguifenxi |
1 |
3.293557 |
3.293557 |
3.081448 |
0.109717 |
cancha |
10 |
10.68834 |
1.068834 |
|
|
zongji |
11 |
13.9819 |
|
|
|
|
AG真人coefficients |
biaozhunwucha |
t stat |
p-value |
lower 95% |
upper 95% |
xiaxian 95.0% |
shangxian 95.0% |
intercept |
8.589244 |
7.266993 |
1.181953 |
0.264568 |
-7.60262 |
24.78111 |
-7.60262 |
24.78111 |
gongyehualv |
1.680944 |
0.957582 |
1.755405 |
0.109717 |
-0.45268 |
3.814568 |
-0.45268 |
3.814568 |
2.yuchengzhenhuashuipingxiangbi,gongyehuashuipingzhihou
yibanlaishuo,chengzhenhuayugongyehuadeguanxifenweisanzhongqingkuang,fenbieshi: chengzhenhuazhihouyugongyehua;chengzhenhuachaoqianyugongyehua;chengzhenhuayugongyehuaxiediaofazhan。tongchang,zaichengzhenhuadechujijieduan,gongyehualvgaoyuchengzhenhualv,erdaolechengzhenhuadegaojijieduan,zehuixingchengchengzhenhualvgaoyugongyehualvdegeju。jiuqigenbenyuanyin,shiyinweizaichengzhenhuafazhandegegejieduan,qizhuyaodonglishibutongde。biruzaichengzhenhuadechujijieduanhezhongjijieduanqianqi,qizhuyaodonglishigongyehua;erdaolechengzhenhuadegaojijieduan,qizhuyaodonglishidisanchanyedefazhan。yinci,zailixiangdezhuangtaixia,yigeguojiahuodiquruguonenggoushixianchengzhenhuayugongyehuaxiediaofazhan,neimezaigongyeshehuidezhongqianqi,chengzhenhualv、gongyehualvyufeinonghualvjihushisantiaopingxingshangshengdequxian。panduanchengzhenhuayugongyehuadeguanxi,xuyaoagzhenrenjinyibuyongkexuedefangfahejingquedeshujujinxingduliang。guojishangjingchangcaiyongiubilaipanduanchengzhenhuayugongyehuadeguanxi。iubishizhigongyehualvyuchengzhenhualvdebizhi,gongyehualvshizhigongyezengjiazhizhanquanbushengchanzongzhidebizhong。genjuguojibiaozhunzhifa,gongyehuayuchengzhenhuaerzhefazhanyuexiediao,iubiyuejiejin0.5。
rubiao2suoshi,chu2008nianwai,xizanggongyehualvjunbuzu8%,tu2qingxidifanyingleerzhededuibiguanxi,gongyehualvyuanyuanluohouyuchengzhenhualv,qieiubijunxiaoyu0.5,shuomingxiangduiyuchengzhenhuadekuaisufazhan,xizanggongyehuafazhanfeichangluohou。guojishangtongchangyonggongyehualvzheiyizhibiaolaihenglianggongyehuadebutongyanjinjieduan: jidanggongyehualvdadao20%~40%shiweigongyehuachuqi,gongyehualvdadao40%~60%shiweigongyehuazhongqi,gongyehualvdadao60%yishangshijiweigongyehuahouqi。yicibiaozhunhengliang,xizanggongyehuashuipingshangweidadaogongyehuafazhanchuqi,zheiyujinnianlaixizangchengzhenhuashuipingwenbuzengzhangyukuaisufazhanxingchengjiaodachaju。yibanlaishuo,gongyedekuaisufazhanweilaodonglitigongdaliangdejiuyejihui,congerladongnongcunlaodonglixiangchengzhenjuji。xizanggongyefazhanshuipingdi,jiyuzirantiaojianteshu、shengtaihuanjingcuiruodengxianzhitiaojianyouguan,yeyulishitiaojian、chanyezhengce、touzitiaojian、jishushuipingyouguan,jiazhinongmuqulaodonglishoujiaoyushuipingdi、laodongjinengbuzu,gongyeweilaodonglitigongdejiuyejihuihexinajiuyedenenglijiufeichangyouxian,yeyincizaochengxizangjiuyeyalida,nongmuminzengshouhuanmandengkunnan。
表2.西藏2001~2012年工业化率及IU比
nianfen |
chengzhenhualv(%) |
gdp(yiyuan) |
gongyezengjiazhi(yiyuan) |
gongyehualv(%) |
iubi |
2001 |
19.64 |
139.16 |
10.88 |
7.82 |
0.40 |
2002 |
19.89 |
162.04 |
11.65 |
7.19 |
0.36 |
2003 |
20.21 |
185.09 |
13.82 |
7.47 |
0.37 |
2004 |
20.52 |
220.34 |
16.10 |
7.31 |
0.36 |
2005 |
20.85 |
248.80 |
17.48 |
7.03 |
0.34 |
2006 |
21.13 |
290.76 |
21.71 |
7.47 |
0.35 |
2007 |
21.50 |
341.43 |
27.62 |
8.09 |
0.38 |
2008 |
21.90 |
394.85 |
29.48 |
7.47 |
0.34 |
2009 |
22.30 |
441.36 |
33.11 |
7.50 |
0.34 |
2010 |
22.67 |
507.46 |
39.73 |
7.83 |
0.35 |
2011 |
22.71 |
605.83 |
48.18 |
7.95 |
0.35 |
2012 |
22.70 |
701.03 |
55.11 |
7.86 |
0.35 |
数据来源:AG真人_平台首页
图2.西藏工业化率和城镇化率变化趋势比较
数据来源:AG真人_平台首页
AG真人3.yufeinonghuashuipingxiangbi,chengzhenhuashuipingzhihou
AG真人guojishangtongchangcaiyongnubilaipanduanchengzhenhuayufeinonghuadeguanxi。nu bishizhilaodonglifeinonghualvyuchengzhenhualvdebizhi,laodonglifeinonghualvshizhidier、sanchanyelaodonglizhanzonglaodonglidebili。canzhaoguojibiaozhun,nubidayu1.2,biaoshifeinonghuashuipingchaoqianyuchengzhenhuashuiping,jiyouxiangdangshuliangdefeinonglaodonglizhiliuzainongcun,weinengxiangchengzhenzhuanyi,chengzhenhuafazhanzhihou,qiebizhiyuedashuomingchengzhenhuazhihouchengduyuegao;nubixiaoyu1.2,biaoshichengzhenhuashuipingchaoqianyufeinonghuashuiping,jichengzhencunzaixiangdangshuliangdenongyelaodonglihuonongyerenkou,chengzhenhuafazhanchaoqian,qiebizhiyuexiaoshuomingchengzhenhuachaoqianchengduyuegao,jiguoduchengzhenhua。nubiyuejiejin1.2,erzhefazhanyuexiediao。
youbiao3kejian,2001~2012nianxizangdelaodonglifeinonghualvyizhigaoyuchengzhenhualv,nubijundayu1.2,shuomingyoudaliangcongshifeinongchanyedelaodonglirengranfensanzainongcundiqu,weinengxiangchengzhenzhuanyihejuji,zheiyuqianmianfenxidexizanggongyehualvjiaochengzhenhualuohou、nongmuqucunzaishuliangjiaoduodeshengyulaodonglidejielunshiyizhide。yinci,xizangnongmuqulaodonglixiangchengzhenzhuanyihejujidezhuyaodonglilaiziyudisanchanyedeladong,qieyilaodongmijixingdepifalingshouyehezhusucanyinyedengchuantongagzhenrenyeweizhu,shengchanxingagzhenrenyehexiandaiagzhenrenyefazhanbuzu,congerzaochenggongyehualvyuandiyuchengzhenhualvdetongshi,laodonglifeinonghualvyougaoyuchengzhenhualvzheiyiteshuxianxiang。
表3.西藏2001~2012年NU比变化趋势
nianfen |
sancichanyejiuyejiegou(%) |
laodonglifeinonghualv(%) |
chengzhenhualv(%) |
nubi |
||
diyichanye |
dierchanye |
disanchanye |
||||
2001 |
71.0 |
6.5 |
22.5 |
29.0 |
19.64 |
1.48 |
2002 |
68.8 |
6.2 |
25.0 |
31.2 |
19.89 |
1.57 |
2003 |
64.1 |
9.3 |
26.6 |
35.9 |
20.21 |
1.78 |
2004 |
62.6 |
9.6 |
27.8 |
37.4 |
20.52 |
1.82 |
2005 |
60.1 |
9.5 |
30.4 |
39.9 |
20.85 |
1.91 |
2006 |
58.9 |
9.6 |
31.4 |
41.0 |
21.13 |
1.94 |
2007 |
56.0 |
10.8 |
33.2 |
44.0 |
21.50 |
2.05 |
2008 |
54.6 |
10.5 |
34.9 |
45.4 |
21.90 |
2.07 |
2009 |
54.5 |
10.8 |
34.7 |
45.5 |
22.30 |
2.04 |
2010 |
53.6 |
10.9 |
35.5 |
46.4 |
22.67 |
2.05 |
2011 |
50.3 |
12.2 |
37.5 |
49.7 |
22.71 |
2.19 |
2012 |
46.3 |
13.4 |
40.3 |
53.7 |
22.70 |
2.37 |
数据来源:AG真人_平台首页
(二)西藏城镇化的特征
xizangdexinxingchengzhenhuacunzaizhexuduoyuneidiheqitadiquwanquanbutongdexianzhutedianheteshuxing。
AG真人1.xizangquanqudejingjishehuifazhancunzaijiaodadediquchayi
AG真人birushuozangzhongjingjiqu,suiranzhizhanquanquguotumianjide25%,danshirongnalequanqu60%yishangderenkou,yinershiquanqutuijinxinxingchengzhenhuayurenkouzhuanyihejiuyedezhongdiandiqu;erzaiguangmaodezangbeicaoyuan,renkouxishao,chengzhenfazhanluohou,jujigongnengjiruo。yinci,ruhekexueheliliyongguotuziyuankongjian,shidujizhongshengchanshenghuokongjian,youhuachengzhenzongtikongjianbuju,peiyuchengzhenzengzhangjibingfahuiqifushedaidongzuoyong,tuijinchanyefazhan、jiuyezhuanyi、renkoujuji、gonggongagzhenrenjundenghuatongyi,zhuzhongchengzhenhuadezhiliangshibixujiejuedeguanjianwenti。
2.xizangxinxingchengzhenhuayuchengxiangxiediaofazhanruhejiehetongyi
xizangnongmuqudiguangrenxi,70%yishangderenkoujuzhuzaiguangmaodenongmuqu,xianyoudechengzhengongnengjiaoweiboruo,nanyiyouxiaofushe,chengxiangzhijiandejingjiwenhualianxichuyusongsanzhuangtai,nongmumin“jincheng”guannianxiangduiluohou,jiuyenengliruo,chengxiangxiediaofazhannandujida。tongshi,xizangchengxiangxiaofeijiegouchajujiaoda,shouruhexiaofeideeryuanjiegoutuchu,chengxiangchajumingxian,nanyixingchengtuijinxinxingchengzhenhuadeneixudongli。yinci,ruhejiejueyichengdaixiangdelianjiedian,tongguoxinxingchengzhenhuashixiannongmuqushengyulaodonglideyouxuzhuanyishijixupojiedenanti。
3.xizangxinxingchengzhenhuadenandianshinongmuqurenkoudezhuanyijiuye
xizangzongrenkoude75%yishangweinongmuqurenkou,jiuyerenkoushoujiaoyushuipinghendi,wenmanghuojinshouguoxiaoxuejiaoyusuozhanbizhonggaoda75.2%,zaochengjiuyeguannianluohou,jiuyenengliruo,yingxiangrenkoujujihechengzhenhuajincheng;ziranhuanjingyanku,tudideshengchanlihechengzailidi,huanjingyouxiaorongliangxiao,quanquzhongdianshengtaigongnengquhejinzhikaifaqudemianjifenbiezhanquanquguotumianjideyue70%yu40%,90%yishangdeguotuchuyugaohanquyu,ziyuanhuanjingyingyueshumingxian,zaochengxizangzhuyaorenkoujujudechengzhenjihudoumianlinzhehuanjingehuadeyanjunjumian。yinci,yaochongfenkaolvnongmuqurenkouxiangchengzhendeyouxuzhuanyi,yangekongzhitudikaifaqiangdu,genjuziyuanchengzailihechengzhenronglianglaijinxingchengzhenhua。
4.xizangrenkoudejiuyejiegouyuchanyejiegoushifenteshu
AG真人jiuyejiegouyuchanyejiegouteshu,muqiansancichanyedejiuyejiegouwei74.9︰5.2︰19.8,chanyejiegouwei13.5︰32.3︰54.2,chongfenshuomingnongmuqushengyulaodonglizhuanyisuduman,chanyefazhanduichengzhenhuazhichenglibuzu;zaidangqianjiuyerenkouzhong,dabufenjizhongyuyichannongmuye,jibenshanghaichuyuchuantongshengchanhuodongjieduan,jimeiyouxiangfeinongchanyezhuanyideyiyuanheguannian,tongshiyouyujiuyerenkoushoujiaoyushuipinghendi,zishenjinenghewenhuasuzhishoudaoxianzhi,yemeiyoujiuyezhuanyidenengli;youyuxizangdierchanyefazhandeguangduheshenduyouxian,gongyefanbunongmuyenengliruo,disanchanyerengchuyufazhanchuqi,nanyitigongdaliangdejiuyejihuiyishixiandaguimolaodonglidezhuanyi。yinci,weichengzhenhuatigongchanyezhicheng、jiaqiangjichujiaoyuweijiuyezhuanyitigongchixudonglishiyixiangjianjuerfuzaderenwu。
AG真人5.xizangtuijinxinxingchengzhenhuaxuyaoguojiateshuzhengcedezhichi
zaichengzhenhuajinchengzhongruhejiaqiangshengtaihuanjingbaohu、tigaozhengfuzhilinengli、gaijingonggongguanlizhiliang、huodezhangqijuezijinzhichi,zheixiewentidoujuyouquanjuxingheteshuxing。duixizangeryan,jingjishehuifazhanjichuboruobingshouziyuanhuanjingdeyueshu,zhangqiyikaoguojiacaizhengzhichiheduikouyuanzhu,shichangjizhibujianquan,zizhufazhannenglibuqiang,tuijinchengzhenhuasuoxudezhengcezhichi、zijinbaozhangnenglimingxianbuzu。yinci,nenggouzhengquguojiacengmiandezhengcezhichihezijinbaozhangduituijinxinshiqixizangxinxingchengzhenhuaxiandeyouweizhongyao。
AG真人san、xizangxinxingchengzhenhuadeneihanhelujing
jieheyishangfenxihelunzheng,xizangxinxingchengzhenhuayouzijidetedianheteshuxing,bixujianchizouyouzhongguotese、xizangtediandexinxingchengzhenhuadaolu。
(一)西藏新型城镇化的内涵
xizangxinxingchengzhenhuadeneihanyingdangbaokuoyixiajibenyaoqiu: 1.zhuzhongyirenweizhongxindechengzhenhua,yirenweiben,jiaodafudutishengrenminshenghuozhilianghezengjinfulishuiping,zuizhongshixianrendefazhan;2.jiaqiangminzutuanjieheshehuiwending,weihuguojiatongyihegonggubianjianganquan;3.zuodaochengzhenhuayugongyehua、xinxihua、nongyexiandaihua、zhengfuzhilixiandaihuatongbutuijin;4.youxianbaohuteseminzuwenhua,cujinjingji、shehui、wenhuadekechixufazhan;5.zaichengzhenhuajinchengzhongshizhongguanchuanshengtaiwenmingagzhenren,zhuzhongbaohuhehanyangshengtai;6.buduanwanshanshichangjizhi,quanmianrongruguoneidashichang,zhuburongruquyuxingdeguojishichang,chongfenliyongshichangjizhidiaodonggezhongziyuantuidongxinxingchengzhenhuafazhan。
tongshi,xizangxinxingchengzhenhuadexinyiyaotixianzaisigefangmian: 1.zaiqibujieduan,yaoxiquneidiyouqishiguoneiqitaminzudiqukuaisutuijinchengzhenhuajinchengzhongdejingyanhejiaoxun,zhuzhongtishengchengzhenhuadefazhanzhiliang。2.tongguotuixingchengzhenhua,tongchouchengxianghexiediaoquyufazhan;zaijuyoujigaodeziyuanhuanjingyueshuheshichangjizhibujianquandeqingkuangxia,tishengchengzhenhuadeshuiping。3.zaichengzhenhuadejinchengzhong,jiejuechengzhenzaitiheliangleifazhanwenti;chanyedefazhanshichengzhenhuadejichu,rendefazhanshichengzhenhuadezuizhongmude。4.tuijinxizangxinxingchengzhenhua,bixubawoxizangfazhanjieduandeteshuxing,tigaozhengfuzhilinengli,gaishangonggongguanlizhiliang,cujinxizangdeminzutuanjieyushehuiwending,shixianzhangzhijiuan。
(二)西藏新型城镇化的路径
jianchizouyouzhongguotese、xizangtediandexinxingchengzhenhuadaolu,xuyaoyindizhiyi,kexuehelidixuanzexizangchengzhenhuafazhanlujing。jutieryankeyikaolvxuanzejuyouruxiatezhengdelujing。
1.zaifazhanmubiaofangmian,zhuzhongdiqidian、gaomubiao、kuayueshi
muqian,xizangchengzhenhualvwei25.8%,bujiquanguopingjunshuipingdeyiban,zheijiangjuedingxizangzaiweilai20nianzuoyoushijiannei,chengzhenhuajinchengrengjiangchuyuchujijieduan,nongmuminjiangshizhongchuzaiquanqurenkoudedaduoshuzhuangtai,erqiexizangdejingjijichuxiangduiboruo,zheijiuyiweizhexizangtuijinchengzhenhuaxuyaocongjiaodideqidianchufa,tongguochuangxinnuli,shishi“feichengzhenhuaweizhudenongmuquchengzhenhuadaolu”huo“feichengzhenhuaweizhudefuminxingzangfazhandaolu”,jiangdaduoshudenongmuminnarudaochengzhenhuajincheng,gongxiangchengzhenhuachengguo,dadaogaozhiliang、gaobiaozhundexinxingchengzhenhuamubiao。juci,xizangkeyixuanzekuayueshidexinxingchengzhenhualujing。suoweikuayueshi,yishikuayuechuantongchengzhenhuaguochengzhongdegongyehuajieduan,zhuzhongjiyue、ditan、lvse、zhineng;ershikuayuechuantongchengzhenhuade“zaocheng”jieduan,zhijie“zaofu”yumin,tishengminzhongdexingfuzhishuhexingfugan;sanshikuayuechuantongchengzhenhuaderenkoujujiguocheng,shishijusanshiduhejiudichengzhenhua。
AG真人2.zaidonglijizhifangmian,zhuzhongzhengfuzhudao、shichangcanyu、shehuixietong、gongzhongcanyu
AG真人xinxingchengzhenhuadetuijin,xuyaogefangliliangdecanyu。zhengfubixufahuizaichengzhenhuazhanlvezhiding、zhengceshishidengcengmiandezhudaoxingzuoyong,tigaogonggongcaizhengzhuanyizhifunengli,zhuzhongminshengagzhenrenhejichusheshiagzhenren,chengdanyangejiandudezhize,yindaochengzhenhuaxiangzhekexuehelifangxiangdeyouxutuijin。tongshi,zhengfukeyitongguoyoudaoxingzhiduchuangxinhebianqianjizhi,jiadakaifanglidu,gengguangfandiyinrushichangjizhibingbuduanjiayiwanshan,zairongtouzifangmianfahuizuoyong,weichengzhenhuatigongzijinbaozhang。kexueyindaoshehuihegongzhongchongfenrenshidaoxinxingchengzhenhuadeshizhihezuizhongmubiao,bingyichengzhenhuafazhandeshixiaojilizaofuminzhong,congerfadongshehuihegongzhongliliang,xingchenghelituidongxizangchengzhenhuajincheng。
3.zaichanyezhichengfangmian,zhuzhongjuyoudiyu、chuantong、minzutesedechanyeyuxiandaichanyexiangjiehe
zaixinxingchengzhenhuadechanyezhichengfangmian,xizangbingbuyicaiyongyibande、chuantongyiyishangdegongyehua,bimianchengzhenkuodade“kongxinhua”hechanyefazhande“gudaohua”,ershiyaobachanyefazhanyuchengzhenhuahudongyoujiqilai,zuodao“chanchengyiti”。zheijiuxuyaochongfenfahuidiyu、chuantong、minzuwenhuatesechanyedeqianneng,tuchuwenhuachuancheng,zaicijichushangfazhanlvse、ditan、gaoxiaodexiandaichanye。zaichanyejiegoushang,kexuehelidifazhancaikuangyehechuantongnongmuye,yixinxihuaweiqijihedongli,jiadaxiandainongmuyedetourulidu,goujianqiyilvyouagzhenrenye、wenhuachanye、bianjingmaoyidengdisanchanyeweizhudejingjijiegou。
4.zaikongjianbujufangmian,zhuzhong“yiquanliangyisandianliangxian”goujia
AG真人xizangdiguangrenxi,120wanpingfanggonglidetudishangzhiyou310wanrenkou,zirantiaojiandute。zaikongjianbujushang,xizangdexinxingchengzhenhuaxuyaofuheqidilitezheng,tongshiyeyaojiehexizangjingjishehuifazhandelishixianshitiaojianjiweilaifazhanyaoqiu,jianchidian、zhou、mianxiangjiehedekaifafangshi,badianshifazhanyudianzhoufazhanjieheqilai,dalitishenglasa—zedangchengzhenquan,peiyuzhuangdayirikazeshisangzhuziqu、linzhixianbayizhenweizhongxindedongxiliangyi,tongchoutuijinzangdongkaruoquchengguanzhen、zangbeineiquxianneiquzhenhezangxigaerxianshiquanhezhen,gonggufazhanbianjingyanxianchengzhen,jiaqiangjiaotongyanxianzhongyaoxiaochengzhenagzhenren,cujinqitageleichengzhenxiediaofazhan,goujian“yiquanliangyisandianliangxian”dechengzhenhuakongjiangeju。
5.zaifazhanhexinfangmian,zhuzhongyirendefazhanweigenben、tigaorendesuzhi
xinxingchengzhenhuadezhongjimudejiushishixianrendefazhan,zaixizang,chengzhenhuadezhongdianjiushiyouxutuijinguangdadenongmuyerenkoushiminhua。zheijishilaodonglizhuanyi、jijudaochengzhendeziranguocheng,yeshizhengfugenjunongmuqurenkoufensan、jijuguimoxiaodanduigonggongagzhenrenyoupoqiexuqiudeshijiqingkuang,jiaqiangzhengceyindao,zhudongcaiqucuoshitigonggonggongagzhenren,shishijusanshiduhejiudichengzhenhuadeguocheng。tongshi,yaozhazhashishiba12nianyiwujiaoyuzuohao,tigaoxinshengdailaodonglidejibensuzhihejiuyenengli,heliyindaorenmenxingchengzhengquedexiaofeiguan;caiqugengjiajijidejiuyezhengce,zhuzhonglaodongzhezhiyejinenghezhiyedaodeshuipingdetigao,jiadapeixunlidu,chuangxinpeixunxingshihebanxuemoshi,zhubujianlihewanshanquanqujiuyechuangyejizhiheagzhenrentixi。
6.zaifazhanmoshifangmian,zhuzhongchengzhenhuayunongmuqugongtongfazhan
AG真人youyuxizangteshudedilihuanjinghenongmuyeshengchanfangshi,xinxingchengzhenhuabuyicaiqunongmuqurenkouxiangchengzhenjujidedanyimoshi,ershiyaogenjubutongdiqudetedian,xuanzeduoyangxingdechengzhenhuamoshi,tuchujiyuekaifa。zhuzhongbachengzhenhuaagzhenrenyufazhannongmuqujieheqilai,jianchiduoniantansuoxingchengdenongmuquyouqishigaohannongmuqushenghuofangshiheshengchanfangshishidufenli,agzhenrennongmuminshehuiagzhenrendian,guanzhunongmuminshenghuoshuipingdetigao,guanzhunongmuqushenghuotiaojiandegaishan,jinkenengdishixianjiudichengzhenhua。
[参考文献]
AG真人[1]chenxiushan,zhangkeyun.quyujingjililun[m].beijing:shangwuyinshuguan,2003.
[2]sunyong.xizang:feidianxingeryuanjiegouxiadefazhangaige[m].beijing:zhongguozangxuechubanshe,2000.
AG真人[3]yuyungui,wendeming,jinbayangpei.xizangchanyelun[m].beijing:zhongguozangxuechubanshe,1994.
[4]litao.zouchuxiangbala——xizang“yijianglianghe”liuyuxiangcunchengzhenhuayanjiu[m].lasa:xizangrenminchubanshe,1999.
[5]lilifeng,zhengdu.changdoudiquchengzhenfazhanzhanlvetansuo[j].zhongguozangxue,2003(1).
[6]luoyan,helinlin,zhurongyuan.chayihuayuanzhuyudashengtaiagzhenren——xizangalidiqushiquanhezhenguihuatansuo[j].chengshiguihua,2010(5).
[7]weihoukai.agzhenrenguochengzhenhuazhanlvediaozhengsilu[j].zhongguojingmaodaokan,2011(7).
(发表于《西藏民族大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2016年第4期)