发布日期: 2018-10-09 作者:毛奇 来源:AG真人_平台首页 14
核心提示
muyuzaigongheguodeyangguangxia,xizangjinglilehepingjiefang、minzhugaige、zizhiquchengli、shehuizhuyigaizao、gaigekaifangdengruoganzhongdalishishijianhezhongdalishijincheng;jintian,xizanghequanguoyidaoangshoukuobujinruxinshidai。jiegouxizangjingjishehuifazhandelicheng,shiweilejiangougengjialixingershenkederenzhi——zhiyouzaizhongguogongchandangdejianqianglingdaoxia、zaizuguodajiatingdehuaibaozhong,caiyoufanrongfazhandeshehuizhuyixinxizangangranyilizaishijiewuji。jintian,agzhenrendangyigengjiabaomandeaiguoreqing,weiduoquxinshidaizhongguoteseshehuizhuyixinshengliertuanjiefendou。
AG真人70nianfengyujiancheng,gongheguozouguo70nianguanghuilicheng。muyuzaigongheguodeyangguangxia,xizangjinglilehepingjiefang、minzhugaige、zizhiquchengli、shehuizhuyigaizao、gaigekaifangdengruoganzhongdalishishijianhezhongdalishijincheng;jintian,xizanghequanguoyidaoangshoukuobujinruxinshidai。jiegouxizangjingjishehuifazhandelicheng,shiweilejiangougengjialixingershenkederenzhi——zhiyouzaizhongguogongchandangdejianqianglingdaoxia、zaizuguodajiatingdehuaibaozhong,caiyoufanrongfazhandeshehuizhuyixinxizangangranyilizaishijiewuji。jintian,agzhenrendangyigengjiabaomandeaiguoreqing,weiduoquxinshidaizhongguoteseshehuizhuyixinshengliertuanjiefendou。
一、解放: 社会制度实现伟大历史性跨越
AG真人agzhenrenweidadezuguoshigezurenmingongtongdizaode,jingguomanzhangdelishifazhan,geminzuzaijiaowangagzhenrenjiaorongzhongxingchenglemingyunxiangliandezhonghuaminzugongtongti,geminzudeshengcunyufazhanshizhongyuzheiyigongtongtixiuqiyugong。jindaiyilai,zhongguoleiruo,canzaoxifangzhiminshiliroulin;erdichuzuguoxinanbianchuidexizang,yehezuguomingyunyiyang,zhangqizaoshouzhiminshilideranzhiheqinrao,shixianminzujiefangchengweibaokuoxizanggezurenminzaineidequantizhongguorenmindegongtongyuanwang。
mianduixifangzhiminzhuyishilideqinlveheyapo,weishixianguojiaduli、minzujiefang,xizanggezurenmintongquanguorenminyidaojinxinglebuqubunaodedouzheng。jingguowushucidouzhengdexiliheshijiandechuilian,zhongguorenminzaizhongguogongchandangdejianqianglingdaoxia,zhaodaolebaituoguojiaheminzueyundezhengquefangxianghelujing,jingguo28nianjiankuzhuojuedegemingdouzheng,qudelexinminzhuzhuyigemingdewanquanshengli,jianlilerenmindexinzhongguo,zhonghuaminzuyiquanxindezitaiyiliyushijiededongfang,zheiyeweixizangbaituodiguozhuyishilideqinraodiandinglejianshidejichu。tongshi,suizhequanguogedideluxujiefang,xizanggezurenminpanwangjiefangdehushengriyigaozhang,kaolvdaoxizangdifangdeteshuqingkuang,zhongyangjuedingcaiquhepingjiefangdefangshi。1951nian,zhongyangrenminzhengfuhexizangdifangzhengfuzaibeijingqianding《zhongyangrenminzhengfuhexizangdifangzhengfuguanyuhepingjiefangxizangbanfadexieyi》(jiancheng《shiqitiaoxieyi》),biaozhizhexizangshixianhepingjiefang。xizangdehepingjiefang,shizhongguodalushixianlewanquantongyi,youlihanweileguojiazhuquanhelingtuwanzheng,jiakuailexiandaiminzuguojiayitihuaagzhenrendebufa;shizhangqizaoshouzhiminshiliranzhidexizangbaituolediguozhuyidezhengzhiganyuhejingjiyapo,kaiqilexizanggezurenmintongquanguogezurenminyidaomouqiuminzujueqihefuxingdejincheng。
AG真人raner,xizangjiefangzhiyuzhongguogemingheagzhenrendejiazhineihanyuanbuzhiyuci。makesizhuyiweiwushiguanrenwei,shehuilishifazhanjinchengzhongqijuedingxingzuoyongdeshiwuzhidedongxi、jingjidedongxi,guigendaodishishehuishengchanli。yejiushishuo,shehuilishifazhandezuizhongjuedingliliangzaiyushengchanlidefazhan。shengchanlidefazhanjuedingzheshehuimianmaodebianhua、shehuijiegoudegengxin、shehuiwenmingdejinbu,shishehuijinbudeneiyinhegenbendongli。yinci,yaotuidongshehuijinbu,jiubixucuchengshengchanlidejiefanghefazhan。jiuxizangzhangqishixingzhengjiaoheyidefengjiannongnuzhi,zheiyizhiduzairenleishehuizaoyijinruxiandaiwenmingfazhanjieduandeshanggeshijizhongye,yiranchengweixizangshehuifazhanjinbudechenzhongzhigu,yanzhongzuaixizangshehuishengchanlidefazhan。jindaiyilai,xizangyoushizhishiweileshixizanggaibianchuantongluohoudemianmao,shixizangzoushangwenmingjinbudexiandaihuafazhandaolu,duocishitubiangejiuxizangdeshehuizhidu,yicuchengshehuishengchanlidejiefang,shixianxizangshehuidefazhanjinbu。raner,wunaiyujiangouyujiudejingjijichuzhishangdezhengzhishilideqiangdahewangu,wunaiyudiguozhuyishilidezhangqipanjuheganrao,suoyougaigechangshijieyishibaigaozhong。zongran,hepingjiefangxizang,agzhenrenchenggongquzhulediguozhuyishili,danhenggenzaixizangfazhanjinbudaolushangdezhiduzhangaiyirangouyancanchuan。“dangjiuzhiduzuoweixiancundeshijiezhidutongxinshengdeshijiejinxingdouzhengdeshihou,jiuzhidufandeshishijielishixingdecuowu,erbushigerendecuowu,yinerjiuzhidudemiewangyeshibeijuxingde。”——1959nian,daibiaofengjiannongnuzhidexizangshangcengfandongshili,nilishichaoliuerdong,weishifengjiannongnuzhiyongyuanbugai,hanranfadonglewuzhuangpanluan。zhongguogongchandangshunyinglishichaoliuherenminqipan,zairenmindeguangfanzhichihecanyuxia,yibianpingpan,yibianxianqilehonghonglieliedeminzhugaigeyundong。minzhugaigeshixizangbaituolejiuzhidudejiban,zoushanglexiandaihuadefazhandaolu。
minzhugaigefeichulezhengjiaoheyidefengjiannongnuzhidu,kaiqilexizangshehuizhiduweidalishikuayuedexinzhengcheng。youyu,xinxizangshicongjiushehuizhongchanshengchulaide,yincitazaigefangmian,zaijingji、daodehejingshenfangmiandouhaidaizhetatuotaichulaideneigejiushehuidehenji。zaikaizhanminzhugaigedetongshi,agzhenrenzhubutuijinleminzuquyuzizhizhiduzaixueyugaoyuandeshijian,suizhe1965nianxizangzizhiqudechengli,minzuquyuzizhizhiduzaixizangquanmianshishi,xizanggezurenmintongquanguogezurenminyidaotuanjiefendou、pingdengfazhan、fanrongjinbu,gongtongagzhenrenshehuizhuyizuguo。yezhengshizaizheiyishiqi,yiminzhugaigedewanchenghezizhiqudechengliweiqiantihebeijing,xizanglakaileshehuizhuyigaizaodexumu;20shiji70niandaizhongqi,shehuizhuyigaizaowancheng,shehuizhuyijibenzhiduzaixizangdeyiwanquanqueli。
jingguobolanzhuangkuodeminzujiefangheshehuishengchanlijiefangdeweidalicheng,xizangshixianleshehuizhidudeweidalishixingkuayue,zoushangleshehuizhuyixiandaihuaagzhenrendekangzhuangdadao。
二、发展: 经济社会实现伟大历史性跨越
xizangjingguohepingjiefang、minzhugaige、shehuizhuyigaizaodengyixilieweidalishijincheng,kaiqileshehuizhuyixiandaihuaagzhenrendexinzhengcheng。danagzhenrenyeyaoqingchudikandao,shehuizhuyixinxizangshizhijiecongzhengjiaoheyidefengjiannongnuzhishehuituotaierlaide。zhongsuozhouzhi,xizangyinziran、lishi、shehuidengzhuyinsudejiaocuoyingxiang,jingjishehuifazhanzhangqichuyufengbizhuangtai,zhangjiuyilaiyizhiluohouyuzuguoneididefazhan。yaogaibianzheiyangdezhuangtai,bixuhaobudongyaodituidongxizangjingjishehuishixiankuayueshifazhan。1978niandangdeshiyijiesanzhongquanhuishenglizhaokai,xuangaoagzhenrenguocongcijinrugaigekaifangxindelishishiqi。gaigekaifangweixizangjingjishehuifazhanzhuruleqiangdadedongli,zaidangzhongyangdejianqianglingdao、qinqieguanhuaihequanguorenmindaliwusiyuanzhuxia,xizanggezurenminyuquanguorenminyidao,zaituijinzhongguoteseshehuizhuyishiyedeweidashijianzhong,jiefangsixiang、dadantansuo、ruiyijinqu、tuanjiefendou,youlituidonglexizangshehuidejinbuhejingjidefazhan。
gaigekaifangyishi,weilejiakuaixizangjingjishehuifazhanbufa,shixizangjingjishehuifazhangenghaodirongruquanguogaigekaifangheshehuizhuyixiandaihuaagzhenrendezhengtijincheng,dangzhongyangxianhouyu1980nianhe1984nianzhaokailediyicihediercixizanggongzuozuotanhui,zhuantiyanjiuxizangruheyijingjiagzhenrenweizhongxin、tuidonggaigekaifangheshehuizhuyixiandaihuaagzhenrendexiangguanwenti。zheiyishiqi,gaigeyinongmuquweiqierudian,quelile“lianggezhangqibubian”dezhengce,zhidaosixiangshangshixianle“yigejiefang、lianggeweizhu、lianggezhuanbian”。kaolvdaoxizangjingjishehuifazhandeqidiandi、dizibo、jichucha,weizhaoguqidiandebupingdeng,zhongyangzhuanmenzhenduixizangchutaileyixilieyouliyujingjishehuifazhandeteshuyouhuizhengce,tongshihaiyu1984nianqi,qidongleguojiatouzi、9sheng(shi)yuanjiande43xianggongcheng。zaigaigekaifangdedabeijingxia,teshuyouhuizhengcedeshishihequanguoxingzhiyuandezhankai,shixizangzaixiandaiguojiayitihuafazhanjinchengzhong,jianqinglechayixingsuozaochengdefazhanyali,shixizangshehuijingjihuodonghechanyefazhanzaigaigekaifangyishi,bianronggouzaizhongguoteseshehuizhuyixiandaihuaagzhenrendezhengtikuangjiazhizhong。
suizhegaigekaifangdeshenru,jiehexizangjingjishehuifazhansuomianlindeteshuxingshihejianjurenwu,tebieshixizangsuomianlindefanfenliedouzhengfuzaxingshi,1989nianzhongyangshishizhaokaizhengzhijuchangweihuiyi,zhuantiyanjiuxizanggongzuo,xingchengle《zhongyangzhengzhijuchangweitaolunxizanggongzuohuiyijiyao》,jingzhunyanpanlexizanggaigekaifangjinchengzhongdeyixiliezhongdawenti,shoucimingquezhichuxizanggongzuoyaojinjinzhuazhuwendingjushihefazhanjingjiliangjiandashi,xizanggongzuodefangxianggengjiamingque,xizanggaige、fazhan、wendingburuzhenggui,chenggongkaiqilexizanggongzuoxinjumian,zheichengweixizanggongzuodeyigezhuanzhedian。xizangquelile“yigezhongxin、liangjiandashi、sangequebao”dejibenzhidaosixiang,nongmuqujingjitizhigaigejinyibushenhua,chengshijingjitizhigaigewenbutuijin,yuanzanggongzuozongshenfazhan,duiwaiagzhenrenbuduanshenru,chuantongfengbidezhuangtaidedaojinyibutupohegaishan。
AG真人1992nian,dengxiaopingfabiaonanfangtanhua,gaigedemubiaogengjiamingque,zhongguoteseshehuizhuyishiyejinrudaoxindefazhanjieduan。suizhegaigekaifangconglilundaoshijiandequanmianshenru,dangzhongyangshendukaoliangxizanggongzuo,quanmianfenxilexizangjingjishehuifazhandexianzhuang,renweixizangbujinzaiquanguofanweineichuyuqianfadadezhuangtai,tongshihaimianlinzheyishisishidalaiweidaibiaodefenlieshilidezhangqiganraopohuai,xizanggongzuodexingshiherenwujianjufuza,bixubaxizanggongzuozhiyudangheguojiagongzuoquanjudegaodujinxingquanpanmouhua。zaizheiyangdebeijingxia,1994nianzhongyangzhaokailedisancixizanggongzuozuotanhui,huishangjiang“yigezhongxin、liangjiandashi、sangequebao”quedingweixinshiqixizanggongzuozhidaofangzhen,bafazhanhewendingmingqueweixizanggongzuodeshijianzhuti,bingzuochuquanguoduikouyuanzangdezhanlveanpai。zheicihuiyichengweixinshiqixizanggongzuodediyigelichengbei。
AG真人jinruxinshiji,suizhegaigekaifangdejinyibushenhuahexibudakaifazhanlvedeshishi,weijiakuaixizangfazhanbufa,2001nianzhongyangzhaokailedisicixizanggongzuozuotanhui,huiyimingquetichuqieshijiaqiangdangdeagzhenren,jiangxizanggongzuozhidaofangzhenshangshengweixizanggongzuozhidaosixiang,jiangshixianxizangkuayueshifazhanhezhangzhijiuanzuoweifazhanhewendingdejiazhimubiao,zheicihuiyichengweixinshiqixizanggongzuodediergelichengbei。huihou,xizanggaigekaifanggexianggongzuozaidangdejianqianglingdaoxiahequanguorenmindedalizhichixiaquanmiantuijin。
AG真人2010nian,weijinyibujiakuaixizangjingjishehuifazhanbufa,tuidongxizangquanmianagzhenrenxiaokangshehui,zaishenkefenxifanfenliedouzhengxinxingshixinqingkuangdejichushang,zhongyangzhaokaidiwucixizanggongzuozuotanhui。huiyitichule“yigezhongxin、liangjiandashi、sigequebao”dexinshiqixizanggongzuozhidaosixiang,mingquelexizangfazhandezhanlvedingwei,shenruchanshulexizangshehuidezhuyaomaodunheteshumaodun,zheicihuiyichengweixinshiqixizanggongzuodedisangelichengbei。huihou,tuijinxizangshixiankuayueshifazhanhezhangzhijiuandegexiangzhongdabushuquanmianzhankai。
“yigezhuanzhedian,sangelichengbei”xianmingdifanyinglexizangzaidangdezhengquelingdaoxia、zaizuguodajiatingdewennuanxia、zaiquanguorenmindaliwusiyuanzhuxia,zhongguoteseshehuizhuyishiyehegaigekaifangbuduantuijindeweidashijianlicheng。shijianchongfenzhengming,xizangdefazhan,shizhongguoteseshehuizhuyixiandaihuaneizaiweiduhexianshizhanglideshenkezhangxian,shizaiduifazhanchayidezhengyizhuiwenzhongshenduduijieguojiayitihuafazhandeshenkeshijian。zhengshizaidangdezhuoyuelingdaohezuguodajiatingdewennuanxia,xizangjingjishehuifazhanshixianleweidadelishixingkuayue。
三、巨变: 进入新时代
zaitongchouguojiguoneilianggedajudejichushang,baxizanggongzuozhiyudangheguojiagongzuoquanjudegaodulaijinxingzhengtibujuhequanpanguihua,zheishixindelishifangweixiaxizanggongzuodexianzhutezheng。dangdeshibadayilai,yixijinpingtongzhiweihexindedangzhongyangshizhonggaoduzhongshixizanggongzuo。2013nian,xijinpingzongshujizaicanjiashierjierendayicihuiyixizangdaibiaotuanshenyishi,shoucitichu“zhiguobizhibian、zhibianxianwenzang”dezhongyaolunshu,quanmianchanmingleguojiazhili、bianjiangzhili、xizangfazhanwendingdeneizailuojihebianzhengguanxi。2015nian7yue,zhongyangzhaokaizhengzhijuhuiyi,mingquelexinxingshixiaxizanggongzuodezhidaosixiang。suihou,2015nian8yue,xijinpingzongshujiqinzizhuchizhaokaizhongyangdiliucixizanggongzuozuotanhui,huiyizongjieheshulileliushiduonianlaidanglingdaoxizanggongzuodejibenjingyan,xingchengle“liugebixu”dedangdezhizangfanglve,tichulexizanggongzuozhongyaoyuanze,duixinxingshixiaxizangjingjishehuidefazhanfangxiang、mubiaorenwujinxinglequanmianguihua,quedingleyidapizhiyuanxizangagzhenrendezhongdianxiangmu,genjuxingshifazhandiaozheng、youhua、chutaileyixiliezhuanmenzhenduixizangdeyouhuizhengce。2015nian,zaixizangzizhiquchengli50zhouniandaqingqianxi,xijinpingzongshujiyouzuochu“jiaqiangminzutuanjie,agzhenrenmeilixizang”dezhongyaozhishi。xijinpingzongshujihaijiudierciqingzanggaoyuanzonghekaochayanjiuqidonghexizangminzudaxuejianxiao60zhounianqinzhihexin,qinzijijishinianjianchishoubianhubiandelongzixianyumaixiangqunzhonghuixin,qinzizhuchiyanjiuchuanzangtieluagzhenrenguihua,duixizanggexianggongzuozuochuleyixiliezhongyaozhishipishi。jintian,zhongguoteseshehuizhuyijinruxinshidai,zaiyixijinpingtongzhiweihexindedangzhongyangjianqianglingdaoxia,xizangjingjishehuifashengfantianfudidelishixingjubian,xizanggongzuojinruxinshidai。
zaixinshidai,agzhenrenjianchichuangxin、xiediao、lvse、kaifang、gongxiangdexinfazhanlinian,buduanjiefanghefazhanshengchanli。chongfenfahuishichangzaiziyuanpeizhizhongdejuedingxingzuoyong,genghaofahuizhengfuzuoyong,jianchiyonggongjicejiegouxinggaigeyinlingfazhan,zhengquechuli“shisanduiguanxi”,cong9gelingyu46gefangmianjiangouxizanggaigezhutikuangjia,xingchenggaigechengguo800duoxiang,quanmianjianchengxiaokangshehuiwenbutuijin。
AG真人zaixinshidai,agzhenrenjianchiyirenminweizhongxin,tuidongshehuishiyefanrongfazhan、quanmianjinbu,buduanmanzurenminqunzhongriyizengzhangdemeihaoshenghuoxuyao。jiaoyushiyededaoyouxianfazhan,weishengjiankangshiyeshixianlishixingkuayue,jiuyebaozhangtixigengjiawanshan,tuopingongjianqudejuedingxingjinzhan,fugaichengxiangdeshehuibaozhangtixiquanmianjianli,jibengonggongagzhenrennenglihezhiliangbuduantisheng,qunzhongxingfuzhishugaojuquanguobangshou。
zaixinshidai,agzhenrenjianchizongtiguojiaanquanguan,tuijinzhilitixihezhilinenglixiandaihua,dalishishi“zhibianwenzang”fanglve。weihuguojiaanquanheshehuiwendinggongzuodedaoquanmianbushu,fanfenliegongzuoshenrukaizhan,shehuizhilitixihezhilinenglixiandaihuashuipingbuduantisheng,zongjiaofangzhendedaoquanmianguanche,minzutuanjiebuduanjiaqiang,bianjingzhilishenrutuijin,junminrongheshendufazhan,qunzhonganquanganlianxuduonianweijuquanguoqianlie。
zaixinshidai,agzhenrenjianchilvsefazhan,laogushulilvshuiqingshanjiushijinshanyinshan、bingtianxuediyeshijinshanyinshandelinian,quanliagzhenrenmeilixizang。zhengquechulilebaohushengtaiyubaohushengchanlidebianzhengguanxi,shengtaianquanpingzhangbaohuyuagzhenrenguihuaquanmianshishi,“liangjiangsihe”liuyuzaolinlvhuagongchengshenrutuijin,quebaolexueyugaoyuantianlandilvshuiqing。jingquanweirending: xizanggaoyuangeleishengtaixitongjiegouwending、zongtiquhao,juedabufenquyuchuyuyuanshengzhuangtai,rengranshishijieshanghuanjingzhiliangzuihaodediquzhiyi。
AG真人zaixinshidai,agzhenrenjianchixizanggongzuozhongyaoyuanze,quanmiantuijinyifazhizang,minzhuzhengzhiagzhenrenmaichuzhongdabufa。zhongguotese、xizangtediandezhiduguifanriyiwanshan,renmindangjiazuozhudedaoquanmianbaozhang,minzuquyuzizhishenrushijian,aiguotongyizhanxiangonggufazhan,jicengminzhushenrutuijin。
zaixinshidai,agzhenrenjianchizhongguoteseshehuizhuyiwenhuafazhandaolu,jiandingwenhuazixin,tuidongjuyougaoyuantesedeshehuizhuyixianjinwenhuadafazhandafanrong。laolaozhangwoyishixingtaigongzuodelingdaoquan,wenhualingyudetizhijizhigaigebuduanshenhua,shehuizhuyihexinjiazhiguandedaodalihongyang,geminzutuanjiefendoudegongtongsixiangjichubuduangonggu,wenhuahelvyoushenduronghe,wenhuashiyehewenhuachanyechuangxinfazhan,duiwaiwenhuaxuanchuanagzhenrengongzuoguangfankaizhan,fazhanjinbu、wendingfanrongdeshehuizhuyixinxizangdewenhuaneihandedaobuduanfengfuhewanshan。
zaixinshidai,agzhenrenjianchidangyaoguandang、congyanzhidang,quanmianjiaqiangdangdelingdao,buduanhangshidangzaixizangdezhizhengjichu。zhudongshiyingxinshidaixinyaoqiuxinbianhuadenenglibuduantisheng,dangdezhengzhiagzhenren、sixiangagzhenren、zuzhiagzhenren、zuofengagzhenren、jilvagzhenren、zhiduagzhenrenshenrutuijin,dangzaixizangdezhizhenggenjibuduanwengu,gejidangzuzhidechuangzaoli、ningjuli、zhandoulihelingdaolixianzhuzengqiang,weixizangshehuizhuyixiandaihuaagzhenrendeshunlituijintigonglejianqiangyoulidezhengzhibaozheng。
AG真人70nian,shiguangrenran。xizangjiefang、fazhan、jubiandeweidalicheng,xiangshirenchongfenzhaoshi: zhiyouzaizhongguogongchandangdejianqianglingdaoxia,zhiyouzaizuguodajiatingwennuandehuaibaozhong,xizangcaihuifasheng“duanduanjishinian,kuayueshangqiannian”delishixingjubian。jintian,zaixindelishiqidianshang,rangagzhenrengengjiajinmidituanjiezaiyixijinpingtongzhiweihexindedangzhongyangzhouwei,yixijinpingxinshidaizhongguoteseshehuizhuyisixiangweizhiyin,buwangchuxin,laojishiming,weishixian“lianggeyibainian”fendoumubiao、shixianzhonghuaminzuweidafuxingdezhongguomengernulifendou。zhuyuanweidazuguofanrongchangsheng,zhuyuanxizangdemingtiangengjiameihao。